USGS Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica - False Color Pan-Sharpened 3 X Stretch: CIR3X_x-2400000y+0750000

Metadata also available as

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: United States Antarctic Resource Center
Originator: United States Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
USGS Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica - False Color Pan-Sharpened 3 X Stretch: CIR3X_x-2400000y+0750000
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: SDE raster digital data
Other_Citation_Details:
The data obtained through The National Map Seamless Server is considered to be the "best available" data from USGS. Historical data and other data may be obtained by contacting Customer Services, Earth Resources Observation & Science Center, at 1-800-252-4547.
Information in quotation marks is taken directly from original source documentation.
Online_Linkage: <http://lima.usgs.gov>
Online_Linkage: <http://seamless.usgs.gov>
Description:
Abstract:
False Color Pan-Sharpened: The false-color, pan-sharpened version of LIMA incorporates infrared data, allowing scientists to more clearly discriminate between ice and snow. This version merges Landsat 7 ETM+ bands 4, 3, and 2 (near-infrared, red, and green of the electromagnetic spectrum) at 30-m spatial resolution with the 15-m, colorless panchromatic band 8. Pan-sharpening maintains the false-color information but with the higher spatial resolution, features in the snow and ice will appear more clearly defined. Through resampling techniques, each pixel in the 30-m, false-color bands is divided into four smaller pixels and then merged precisely with the pixels in the 15-m panchromatic band. With each pixel representing 15 m by 15 m (49 ft by 49 ft), scientists can identify features roughly the size of half a basketball court.
Any display only has a limited range of brightnesses to utilize (from very dark through very bright). The stretches are designed to add value to a particular characteristic of the digital data by taking the portion of the brightnesses that correspond to that "property" and using more of the dark-to-bright range to illustrate that property (so it is more easily seen). The cost is that the other properties will be "squashed" into a narrower range of brightnesses and, thus, less easily seen.
In the 3 X case, called the "low-contrast" enhancement, the specific equations applied are:
r = R/263.875 + 0.9962; 1<R<6334 r = R/20.9961 - 276.697; 6334<R<10,639 r = R/214.44 + 180.387; 10,639<R<16,000 where R is the 16-bit value and r is the 8-bit value.
This "low-contrast" enhancement is applied to the 16-bit, pan-sharpened band 2 mosaic, other bands are converted to 8-bit values to preserve the color balance (as described above) and true-color (321) and false-color (432) composites are generated.
Purpose:
Landsat data have a wide range of uses such as earthquake hazard studies, hydrologic modeling, forestry, coastal engineering, roadway and pipeline engineering, flood plain mapping, wetland studies, geologic studies and a variety of analytical and cartographic projects.
Supplemental_Information:
The link below contains a list of all Landsat scenes used in this project. <http://lima.usgs.gov> "Download Mosaics and Landsat Scenes"
Scenes within this particular layer can be determined by going to the website. There are 17 lines of information for each of the 1073 images in this project. The 17 lines are:
1) sceneid 2) path row month day year hour minute second percent_cloud 3) latitude longitude sun_elevation sun_azimuth at scene center 4) latitude longitude sun_elevation sun_azimuth at scene UL corner 5) latitude longitude sun_elevation sun_azimuth at scene UR corner 6) latitude longitude sun_elevation sun_azimuth at scene LR corner 7) latitude longitude sun_elevation sun_azimuth at scene LL corner 8) gain and bias for band 1 9) gain and bias for band 2 10) gain and bias for band 3 11) gain and bias for band 4 12) gain and bias for band 5 13) gain and bias for band 7 14) gain and bias for band 8 15) earth-sun distance 16) normalization factors for bands 1 2 3 4 8 17) color balance adjustment for bands 1 2 3 4
- negative latitudes are South - negative longitudes are West - all information needed to reproduce the calculations can be found on the website.
Example image:
1) LE7001108000035450 2) 1 108 12 19 2000 14 40 15 50 3) -68.2788 -90.5018 36.06 60.07 4) -67.1849 -87.5951 37.57 57.66 5) -69.3366 -87.3383 36.47 56.02 6) -69.3159 -93.7157 34.54 62.82 7) -67.1663 -93.3576 35.63 63.79 8) 0.7787400 -6.9787300 9) 0.7988190 -7.1988200 10) 0.6216530 -5.6216400 11) 0.6397640 -5.7397600 12) 0.1262200 -1.1262200 13) 0.0438976 -0.3938980 14) 0.9755910 -5.6756000 15) 0.983987 16) 1.581465 1.634131 1.575570 1.706150 1.495761 17) 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1999
Ending_Date: 2002
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.6459753637387
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -68.1985905136482
North_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.7218076942832
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -68.4200763147016
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: digital spatial data
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: GIS
Theme_Keyword: Earth science
Theme_Keyword: imagery
Theme_Keyword: infrared wavelengths
Theme_Keyword: satellite
Theme_Keyword: radiance
Theme_Keyword: thematic mapper
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
Theme_Keyword: infrared imagery
Theme_Keyword: emissivity
Theme_Keyword: CIR
Theme_Keyword: Polar Stereographic
Theme_Keyword: Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica
Theme_Keyword: LIMA
Theme_Keyword: 3 X stretch
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Category
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: 010
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: 008
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme_Keyword: 013
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing
Theme_Keyword: National Standards for Spatial Digital Accuracy (NSSDA)
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard 10-4,): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Place_Keyword: Antarctica
Place_Keyword: South Pole
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Place_Keyword: Aitcho Island
Place_Keyword: Alexander Island
Place_Keyword: Amery Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station
Place_Keyword: Antarctic Peninsula
Place_Keyword: Arctowski
Place_Keyword: Artigas Jubany
Place_Keyword: Belgrano II
Place_Keyword: Brunt Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Cape Renard
Place_Keyword: Casey
Place_Keyword: Cuverville Island
Place_Keyword: Dallmann Bay
Place_Keyword: Davis
Place_Keyword: Deception Island
Place_Keyword: Dome Argus
Place_Keyword: Dome Circe
Place_Keyword: Dome Fuji
Place_Keyword: Drake Passage
Place_Keyword: Dronning Maud Land
Place_Keyword: Dumont d'Urville
Place_Keyword: East Antarctica
Place_Keyword: Ellsworth Mtns.
Place_Keyword: Enderby Land
Place_Keyword: Escudero
Place_Keyword: Filchner Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Fimbulisen
Place_Keyword: Gerlache Strait
Place_Keyword: George V Land
Place_Keyword: Graham Land
Place_Keyword: Half Moon Island
Place_Keyword: Halley
Place_Keyword: Kemp Land
Place_Keyword: Larsen Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Macrobertson
Place_Keyword: Maitri
Place_Keyword: Marambio
Place_Keyword: Mawson
Place_Keyword: McMurdo
Place_Keyword: Mirny
Place_Keyword: Molodezhnaya
Place_Keyword: Mt. Bell
Place_Keyword: Mt. Craddock
Place_Keyword: Mt. Elizabeth
Place_Keyword: Mt. Epperly
Place_Keyword: Mt. Erebus
Place_Keyword: Mt. Gardner
Place_Keyword: Mt. Jackson
Place_Keyword: Mt. Kirkpatrick
Place_Keyword: Mt. Markham
Place_Keyword: Mt. Shinn
Place_Keyword: Mt. Sidley
Place_Keyword: Mt. Tyree
Place_Keyword: Mt. Vinson
Place_Keyword: Neko Harbour
Place_Keyword: Neumayer
Place_Keyword: Novolazarevskaya
Place_Keyword: Oates Land
Place_Keyword: Orcadas
Place_Keyword: Palmer
Place_Keyword: Paradise Harbour
Place_Keyword: Port Lockroy
Place_Keyword: Princess Elizabeth Land
Place_Keyword: Progress
Place_Keyword: Prydz Bay
Place_Keyword: Queen Alexandra Range
Place_Keyword: Queen Elizabeth Range
Place_Keyword: Queen Mary Land
Place_Keyword: Queen Maude Mtns.
Place_Keyword: Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Ross Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: Ross Sea
Place_Keyword: Rothera
Place_Keyword: San Martin
Place_Keyword: SANAE (South African National Antarctic Expedition)
Place_Keyword: Shackleton Ice Shelf
Place_Keyword: South Pole
Place_Keyword: South Shetland Islands
Place_Keyword: Subglacial Lake Vostok
Place_Keyword: Syowa
Place_Keyword: Terre Adelie
Place_Keyword: Transantarctic Mtns.
Place_Keyword: Vernadsky
Place_Keyword: Victoria Land
Place_Keyword: Vinson Massif
Place_Keyword: Vostok
Place_Keyword: Weddel Sea
Place_Keyword: West Antarctica
Place_Keyword: Wilhelm II Land
Place_Keyword: Wilkes Land
Place_Keyword: Zhongshan
Access_Constraints:
Any downloading and use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the USGS Standard Disclaimer. Ensure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and USGS interests.
Use_Constraints:
There is no guarantee of warranty concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications performed. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to <http://www.usgs.gov/privacy.html> for the USGS disclaimer.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Data_Set_Credit:
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ohio State University, Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, U.S. Antarctic Resource Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: N/A
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) was designed to provide a geometric accuracy of at least 250 meters (1 sigma) in low-relief areas at sea level. Terrain Correction (Level 1T) includes radiometric, geometric, and precision correction, as well as the use of a digital elevation model (DEM) to correct parallax error due to local topographic relief.
Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
Attribute_Accuracy_Value: 0.5
Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
There are three on-board solar calibrators to provide an absolute accuracy of 5 percent.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All seamlines and tile edges are visually inspected. This check ensures balanced radiometry, and no VOID areas or anomalies. The L7 Data Quality Team at EROS issues Calibration Parameter Files (CPFs) containing over 15,000 coefficients that describe the radiometric and geometric characteristics of Landsat 7 data.
Completeness_Report:
The LIMA team identified 1,065 scenes from more than 8,000 Antarctica scenes taken by the ETM+ sensor since Landsat 7 was launched in 1999. Each Landsat 7 scene is 184 km by 170 km (115 mi by 105 mi).
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The Landsat ETM+ sensor is a nadir-viewing, eight-band multispectral scanning radiometer that detects spectrally filtered radiation from several portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor includes a 15-meter (m) panchromatic band (band 8), as well as improved resolution (60 m) for the thermal infrared band (band 6). All bands have two gain settings (high and low) for increased radiometric sensitivity and dynamic range, with band 6 acquired in both high and low gain for all scenes.
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 325
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:
The horizontal distance between the perpendiculars through the LPS calculated "true" WRS Scene Center and the nominal (known) WRS scene center on the ground.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Original Landsat Scenes: Original Landsat scenes are processed to Level 1Gt by the National Landsat Archive Processing System (NLAPS). Level 1Gt includes systematic radiometric and geometric correction combined with the use of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM).
The LIMA team identified 1,065 scenes from more than 8,000 Antarctica scenes taken by the ETM+ sensor since Landsat 7 was launched in 1999. Each Landsat 7 scene is 184 km by 170 km (115 mi by 105 mi).
The selection of scenes began with the identification of all of the available cloud-free Landsat 7 images of Antarctica. As much as possible, scientists chose adjacent scenes from a single Landsat pass over Antarctica because of the consistent sun angles and weather conditions. Finally, areas with overlapping scenes were studied to select the best quality data available. For areas without any clear images, scientists used the least cloudy image.
Enhanced Landsat Scenes: Both the natural-color and false-color, pan-sharpened versions of LIMA are available in different stretches to bring out features in Antarctica that would not normally be visible because of the high reflectance of snow and ice. In the same way that sunglasses soften the glare, these enhancements tone down the brightness of the entire image while preserving the color balance.
1x stretch slightly darkens all of the mosaic to reveal areas of highest reflectance, such as snow-covered slopes that face the sun.
3x, 10x, and 30x stretches reveal features on the surface of the relatively flat ice sheet. By degrees they darken the areas of highest reflectance to reveal very subtle variations in the ice sheet, while areas of lower reflectance lose details and become darker, even black.
The 3x stretch still preserves some of the features in the darker areas. For example, the 3x stretch reveals ice flow features without blackening out the rocks. The 10x and 30x stretches show features that indicate the direction of the ice flow and flow irregularities on the ice sheet in the areas of highest reflectance, blackening out most other areas.
Process_Date: 2007
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
EROS processing steps: 1. We start with Landsat data in NLAPS Data Format (NDF) 2. We have been running the NDF scenes through a preprocessing algorithm to correct sun angles and illumination. This code was provided by NASA scientists. The output from this step are GeoTiff files. 3. The resulting GeoTiffs from step 2 are mosaiced together after being color balanced in Photoshop. The end result is a seamless 15m mosaic of the entire continent of Antarctica. The band combination is a 4,3,2 with a pan merge. 4. The output from step 3 is ingested into Oracle/SDE to serve one large seamless layer.
Process_Date: 2007
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
EROS personnel expanded this mosaic with 32 additional scenes to replace small gaps and clouds in the original data.
The following steps are then performed to create tiled data:
1) An image service is created and defined for the data set. 2) Data is added to the service. 3) Service file is compiled. 4) Service is published. 5) Data is chipped to a 150,000 by 150,000 meter grid 6) Data is packaged for each chip to enable downloading into a zipped bundle.
These FGDC metadata were created for display through the LIMA website at <http://lima.usgs.gov> The metadata are provided in XML and HTM formats.
Process_Date: 200903
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Service Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-594-6151
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605-594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605-594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 10000
Column_Count: 10000
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Polar Stereographic
Polar_Stereographic:
Straight-Vertical_Longitude_from_Pole: 0
Standard_Parallel: -71
False_Easting: 0
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 15.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 15.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Altitude_System_Definition:
Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
Altitude_Resolution: 1.000000
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Altitude_Encoding_Method:
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: N/A
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: N/A
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Contact_Instructions:
The USGS "Distribution" point of contact is for questions relating only to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, please contact:
U. S. Antarctic Resource Center MS 515 National Center 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192 The Antarctic Resource Center is open to the public between the hours of 10:00 AM and 4:30 PM, Monday through Friday. For the best possible service, please contact the USARC for an appointment prior to your visit.
Phone: (703) 648-6010 Fax: (703) 648-5080 E-mail: usarc@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.3
Format_Specification: raster
Transfer_Size: 0.001
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <http://lima.usgs.gov>
Access_Instructions:
The URL <http://lima.usgs.gov> provides a map interface that allows for data downloads within a customer defined area of interest. Zoom tools are available that can be used to investigate areas of interest on the map interface. The download tool allows the customer to capture layers from the map, utilizing The National Map Seamless Server process for downloading. A request summary page is then generated with the download layers listed. By clicking the "download" button on the summary page, a zipped file will be generated that can be saved on the customer's computer. The file can then be unzipped and imported into various user software applications.
Online_Computer_and_Operating_System: Not available for dissemination
Fees: None
Turnaround: Variable
Technical_Prerequisites:
ESRI ArcGIS Suite and/or Arc/Info or other compatible software, and supporting operating systems.
Available_Time_Period:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2009
Ending_Date: unknown
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 200904
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-800-252-4547
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Contact_Instructions:
The above is the contact information for the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center in Sioux Falls, SD. This is the digital data storage and distribution center for the USGS. Metadata information can also be obtained through online services using The LIMA website, at <http://lima.usgs.gov> .
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Generated by mp version 2.9.8 on Tue Apr 28 23:21:34 2009